> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://atomoh.gitbook.io/kubernetes/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://atomoh.gitbook.io/kubernetes/es/fu-wu-wang-ge/istio/security/02-authentication.md).

# 身份验证

Istio 支持服务到服务身份验证（Peer Authentication）和最终用户身份验证（Request Authentication）。

## 目录

1. [身份验证概述](#authentication-overview)
2. [请求身份验证 (JWT)](#request-authentication-jwt)
3. [OAuth/OIDC 集成](#oauthoidc-integration)
4. [实践示例](#practical-examples)
5. [故障排除](#troubleshooting)

## 身份验证概述

<div align="center"><img src="https://istio.io/latest/docs/concepts/security/authn.svg" alt="Istio 身份验证" width="800"></div>

Istio 提供两种类型的身份验证：

1. **对等身份验证（服务到服务身份验证）**
   * 使用 mTLS 的服务到服务身份验证
   * 基于 SPIFFE ID 的身份验证
   * 使用 PeerAuthentication CRD 配置
2. **请求身份验证（最终用户身份验证）**
   * 基于 JWT token 的用户身份验证
   * 与 OAuth/OIDC 提供商集成
   * 使用 RequestAuthentication CRD 配置

```mermaid
flowchart TB
    User[User]

    subgraph AuthProvider["Auth Provider"]
        OAuth[OAuth/OIDC<br/>Provider]
    end

    subgraph Gateway["Istio Gateway"]
        ReqAuth[Request<br/>Authentication<br/>JWT Verification]
    end

    subgraph Services["Services"]
        App[Application]
    end

    User -->|1. Login| OAuth
    OAuth -->|2. JWT Token| User
    User -->|3. Request with JWT| ReqAuth
    ReqAuth -->|4. Verification Success| App
    ReqAuth -.->|Verification Failure| User

    %% Style definitions
    classDef user fill:#f9f9f9,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px,color:black;
    classDef auth fill:#FF9900,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px,color:black;
    classDef gateway fill:#326CE5,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px,color:white;
    classDef app fill:#00C7B7,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px,color:white;

    %% Class applications
    class User user;
    class OAuth auth;
    class ReqAuth gateway;
    class App app;
```

## 请求身份验证 (JWT)

### 基本 JWT 验证

```yaml
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1
kind: RequestAuthentication
metadata:
  name: jwt-auth
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  jwtRules:
  - issuer: "https://accounts.google.com"
    jwksUri: "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/certs"
```

### 支持多个签发者

```yaml
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1
kind: RequestAuthentication
metadata:
  name: multi-issuer-jwt
  namespace: default
spec:
  jwtRules:
  - issuer: "https://accounts.google.com"
    jwksUri: "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/certs"
  - issuer: "https://login.microsoftonline.com/tenant-id/v2.0"
    jwksUri: "https://login.microsoftonline.com/tenant-id/discovery/v2.0/keys"
```

### 自定义 Header

```yaml
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1
kind: RequestAuthentication
metadata:
  name: jwt-custom-header
  namespace: default
spec:
  jwtRules:
  - issuer: "https://auth.example.com"
    jwksUri: "https://auth.example.com/.well-known/jwks.json"
    fromHeaders:
    - name: "X-Auth-Token"
      prefix: "Bearer "
```

## OAuth/OIDC 集成

### AWS Cognito

```yaml
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1
kind: RequestAuthentication
metadata:
  name: cognito-jwt
  namespace: default
spec:
  jwtRules:
  - issuer: "https://cognito-idp.{region}.amazonaws.com/{userPoolId}"
    jwksUri: "https://cognito-idp.{region}.amazonaws.com/{userPoolId}/.well-known/jwks.json"
```

### Keycloak

```yaml
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1
kind: RequestAuthentication
metadata:
  name: keycloak-jwt
  namespace: default
spec:
  jwtRules:
  - issuer: "https://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/myrealm"
    jwksUri: "https://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/myrealm/protocol/openid-connect/certs"
```

### Auth0

```yaml
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1
kind: RequestAuthentication
metadata:
  name: auth0-jwt
  namespace: default
spec:
  jwtRules:
  - issuer: "https://your-tenant.auth0.com/"
    jwksUri: "https://your-tenant.auth0.com/.well-known/jwks.json"
    audiences:
    - "https://your-api.example.com"
```

## 实践示例

### JWT 验证 + 授权

```yaml
# JWT Verification
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1
kind: RequestAuthentication
metadata:
  name: jwt-auth
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  jwtRules:
  - issuer: "https://auth.example.com"
    jwksUri: "https://auth.example.com/.well-known/jwks.json"
---
# Deny requests without JWT
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1
kind: AuthorizationPolicy
metadata:
  name: require-jwt
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  action: DENY
  rules:
  - from:
    - source:
        notRequestPrincipals: ["*"]
```

## 故障排除

### JWT 验证失败

```bash
# 1. Check RequestAuthentication
kubectl get requestauthentication -A
kubectl describe requestauthentication <name> -n <namespace>

# 2. Decode JWT token
echo "<jwt-token>" | cut -d'.' -f2 | base64 -d | jq

# 3. Verify JWKS endpoint
curl https://auth.example.com/.well-known/jwks.json

# 4. Check Envoy logs
kubectl logs <pod-name> -c istio-proxy -n <namespace> | grep JWT
```

## 参考资料

* [Istio 请求身份验证](https://istio.io/latest/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/)
* [JWT 身份验证](https://istio.io/latest/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/)